Letters concerning urgent need to pacify Indians whose hostilities are getting out of hand; four muleteers killed at Piedras Azules. F. 471 gives locations of several Mezcalero camps. F. 474 mentions Mezcaleros' corn fields. (A. Dean, October 1989)

Letters from Borica concerning plans to reduce Apaches at San Antonio Bexar or Espiritu Santo. Mention Apaches already pacified around Janos, Carrizal, San Elzeario. Discusses adjustments needed for negotiations since Mescalero Capitancillos murdered two Lipanes of Pino Blanco's family; mentions exchange of gifts between Capitancillos, Spaniards. (A. Dean, October 1989)

Series of letters to, from Ramon de Castro concerning administrative matters of Lipanes' surrender, celebration of peace (now to be called truce). Mentions negotiations with Aga. F.458 mentions Mescalero auxiliaries. (A. Dean, October 1989)

Four letters discussing same topic of Lipan pacification. Borica suggests sending reinforcements to Norte against invasion Lipanes are planning, according to info from Mescalero Capitancillos, who ask defense of their camps if necessary. He suggests using Opatas, other Sonoran troops to conquer Quegocac's camp, only one still hostile. Mescalero Capitancillos give proof of their friendship with Spaniards by Murdering two Lipan families of Pino-blanco's camp that had come to deal peace agreements; Spanish plan to retract their support in light of such barbarous action. Lipanes are divided, some wanting to stay at war, some wishing reconciliation. Mention of method suggested by Diaz for conquering Lipanes preferring war. F.441 is considerably bright. F.445 begins to speak of christianizing Apaches. Mentions need to obstruct trade between Lipanes and Indians further north. (A. Dean, October 1989)

Letters between viceroy, comandante generals discussing peace negotiations with Lipanes. F.400 describes location of camps of Apache Capitancillos, some of whom have gone to rejoin their bands; mentions none are on horseback. F.401 mentions treaties with various Apache bands of Nueva Vizcaya, suggests those now seeking peace are false, should be considered a disease and exterminated . . . Subsist on war, only pretending to wish peace. detail on Spanish idea of Lipan character. F.416 mentions severe rains of October, 1792 making travel miserable. F.418-421 discusses part of real reglamiento de presidios (apparently) stating that opposition to treaties with Indians is diametrically opposed to spirit of peace Spanish are trying to convey. F.424 discusses heirarchy of bands of Apaches, good detail. F.426 mentions Mescaleras curing bison meat. F.427 discusses broad union of Mescaleros, Lipanos, llaneros seemingly for hunting together; mentions murder of Lipanes by Spanish civilians, what to do with captives. (A. Dean, October 1989)

Documents concerning resettlement (exile) of Lipanes once peace is conceded. Describes subsistence of Apaches in natural state vs. After they're placed on reservations (word not used, but is closest to what seems to be implied). Lipanes to be moved to area without mountains so they can't hide, with very little to forage so they will be dependent on Spanish rations. Mentions Borica Marching Lipanes to Norte presidio. F.396-400 are conditions of peace/surrender, details rations, rules for Lipanes. (A. Dean, October 1989)

Informe from Castro to Revilla Gigedo documenting hostilities by Lipanes as reason not to negotiate peace with them. Shorter letters among Revilla Gigedo, Merino, Nava concerning peace negotiations at presidio del Norte despite Castro's reservations. Letter from Nava describing history of peaceful relations with other tribes, beginning equally violently, but now successful; asks to desregard Castro's objections, negotiate anyway. Quite a lot of detail of specific incidents (raids, trading, etc), but mostly redundant documents. F.254 list of specific affronts by Lipanes, Mescaleros, including place, date occurring. F.255 el Lipiyan Capitancillo de toda la Apacheria conocido en la Vizcaya Por el Nombre de 'el Calvo' . . . . mentions Comanche Capitancillos reporting to Spaniards how Apaches keep supply of powder, bullets. F.257 mentions Lipanes trading with French. F.259 mentions el Calvo's Apache name is Picax-Ande, translated as brazo Fuerte. F.286 mentions Mezcaleros being provided with arms, livestock, wheat from presidio del Norte. F.294 mentions Lipanes trading their plunder with Indians to the north. F.302 mentions Mimbrenos, Gilenos, Mezcaleros in reduccion since 1790, Chiricahuas since 1786. V. 307 discusses treaties among Nabajoes, Chiricahuas, Gilenos, Mimbrenos, Mescaleros. (A. Dean, October 1989)

Clear, well-written letter from Castro to Revilla Gigeda expressing Castro's disapproval of peace negotiations with Lipanes. F.239 mentions eight Lipanes appearing at Norte to negotiate, having already made independent treaties with comandante generals of Texas, Coahuila. F.242 says no hay duda que la congregacion Lipana Es el Brazo derecho de la Apacheria . . . . this reads as a general report, broken down by region, discussing alliances, similarities, hostilities among tribes (mostly Lipanes, Lipayanes, Apaches); localities, moral characteristics, problems with various tribes. Castro seemed; to intend it as treatise explaining reasons for not allowing peace with Lipanes. Reasons include Lipanes' arrogance, malice, inherent falseness, spying, insolence, etc. Mentions Apaches stealing Spanish weapons to use against them. Mentions Soquina (Comanche) speaking against Apaches. Though extremely biased against Indians, letter has excellent information on attitudes, relationships between Apaches, Spaniards. (A. Dean, October 1989)

Nava informs Revilla Gigedo Lipanes at Norte requesting peace in Coaguila, Texas. Told peace must be ratified by virrey. Will collect information concerning Lipane's condition, numbers, intertribal relations, motives. Lipan Joseph Antonio made prior overtures at San Fernando, may be helpful in establishing perace in Lower Lipaneria. At present most Mescaleros, Llaneros, Faraones at peace, residing in Vicinity of Norte, Paso. Diaz informs Nava of Lipan arrival in Norte requesting peace despite cruelty of treatment by Munos at Coahuila. Revilla gigiedo in agreement with Nava awaiting further information before entering into peace with Lipanes; will advise Castro of Lipan initiative, in interim Lipan emissaries to be treated well. Revilla Gigedo advises Munos, Castro of peace initiative soliciting any objections they may have. Nava relates emissary Bilansatliche's account of causes of Lipan hostilities to Revilla Gigedo. Prior peace broken by Ugalde, Valdes and lipans obliged to fight against their will. Following negotiations with Ugarte y Loyola emissaries dispatched to Santa Rosa to confer with Castro. When these did not return emissary dispatched to San Fernando also did not return. Under no circumstances will they negotiate with Castro due to Santa Rosa experience. Mescalero Lascashigo told Lipanes of fairness of treatment in north convincing them to negotiate with Nava. Lipan leaders Chadichule, Joseph Antonio, bidajta, Tuna-Yilten and their people assembled at Agua Prieta near Rio Colorado awaiting response. Though ylgiditelde not present also wishes peace. Messengers dispatched to locate Lower Lipanes and advise them of peace plans. Lipanes have few stock, most lost to Cumanches and northern tribes. Will return captives held, request Lipan women prisoners be returned to them. Castro not notified of peace efforts due to distance involved and complications this might create. Revilla Gigedo communicates Lipan concerns, accusations to Castro as described to Nava by Bilansatliche. Solicits Castro's opinions so that he may make his decision. (J. Higgins, April 1989)

Continuation Cordero's report concerning pacified mescalleros, their interaction with troops, citizens in Paso and Norte; Uranga's account of weapons, munitions distribution. Summary of report trading with Indians upheld; thefts committed by Indians of isolated rancherias, Apaches Faraones of the Sierras de Sacramento, Guadalupe, Blancas, Diablo; troop number should be increased to deter rebellion, pursue and punish thieves; Indian disunity should be encouraged, loyal Indians should participate in actions against rebels. Nava's report to Revilla charges of misconduct, illegal weapons trade by troops; Cuerno Verde only Mescallero Rancheria believed involved in thefts; account of marquez stock transactions with Indians and troop under Ugalde's command; Picax-Ande only one in Norte to petition for peace; Lipanes present only when Emmisary Bilansatliche petitioned for peace; supports Cordero's recommendations for increased vigilance; men sent to Guanajuato, Paso; organizing for punitive action against Apaches Faraones. Revilla Gigedo acknowledges receipt of Nava's report recognizing need of measures outlined to punish thieves and maintain peace. (J. Higgins. April, 1989)