Group of documents between viceroy and various officials of Sonora and California expeditions pertaining to procurement of food supplies; construction of shelter, and maritime transport; horses; spiritual well being of 200 dragoons and 200 foot soldiers; naming of treasurer, Capellan, shipbuilder, horse procurer and various officers. Edict about closing place where liquor was illegally made. Copies of dispatches about wedding of prince of Asturias with Princess of Parma. Orders for salaries to forced personnel from Veracruz. (A. Dell'acqua, November 1987)

Correspondence between Hijosa and viceroy regarding various Tepic with problems about requisition of foodstuffs, weapons, horses, payment of salaries, advances of salaries, preparation of maritime transport to Guaymas from San Blas and other details about personnel involved. Reference about indios marineros used as crew. Hijosa also questions naming of Capellan Cienfuegos to expedition prefering priest for port of San Blas to be permanent there. Accuses new missionaries of being negligent and mercenary toward commercialization and not caring for people. Viceroy orders necessary help for Jesuits being transported to Guadalaxara including 15 from California under care of Alferez Fernandez and 50 from Sonora and Sinaloa under care of Cabeza de Vaca. Hijosa accuses pilot Solorzano and officers of inexperience, punishing one using stocks. Disputes with comandante Rivero about breadmaker accusing Rivero of despotism. Other letter from viceroy about appointment by king of Abarca as standard bearer ordering him to be treated as an officer. (A. Dell'acqua, November 1987)

Documents detailing attacks on Palma in foothills of Cerro Prieto. Detailed account of expeditions, battles, lack of food and water for animals and troops; death of military personnel, Indians. Lists of standing army with all officers. Their spies are fast and most rebels avoid capture except for some fallen in battle, women and children prisoners. Some Indian groups sue for peace. (A. Dell'acqua, February 1988)

Documents and correspondence between Elizondo and viceroy in regard to movement of troops from Mexico to Tepic to form expedition to Sonora; lists of personnel in different companies; problems with disease, desertion, food supplies and transportation. (A. Dell'acqua, February 1988)

Letters from Cancio to viceroy and other officials regarding military appointments; financial problems in mantaining presidio due to lack of funds and credit. Behavior of Indians under new religious missionaries; supplies to maintain Indians under control to learn Christian faith. Movement of troops under Cancio. (A. Dell'acqua, February 1988)

Pineda informs Croix of Indian raids. Preparation to attack Indians in Nopalera. Anza kills female Sibubapa, takes male captive, recovers 80 horses, and reports small quantity of water in Nopalera. Sibubapas attack Yecora, killing 5 including one Spaniard. A Spaniard, Leron, accompanied group of drunken Indians. Indians raid Ostimuri; Rio Chico soldiers kill 5 of them, Taraumaras kill 3 more. Apaches take 90 horses from Visani. Altar soldiers kill 1 Seri, send 7 captives to Pitic. More than 100 Indians take 202 horses from Pitic. Friendly Pimas urged to fight Apaches; 27 Apaches are killed. Oliba and 60 soldiers patrol Cerro Prieto. Enemy Indians move away from Nopalera looking for water and cactus fruits. Urrea, Cancio and Elizondo ordered to strike rebel Indians from 3 different places. Indians steal horses from Guaymas. Fronteras' soldiers attack Indian in Cara Pintada, recovering 43 horses. Apaches attack soldiers in Saracachi, killing 1 black person, and take horses. Pineda informs Croix of priest's arrival from Querataro; he will provide horses and food. pertrechos de guerra and soldiers arrive at Guaymas. Pineda informs Croix of need for food, clothes, arms, and salaries for himself and soldiers. Merchants in Mexico refuse to send things unless they receive partial payment. (J. Tapia, July, 1987).

Series of documents relating Indian depredations. Detailed description of mutilation of Spaniard's corpses by Indians including genital mutilation, stripping, gutting and stuffing with beans, excessive lancing, and Head smashing. Reports Indian theft, killing of animals and burnings. Mentions corn as dietary staple; hunger, economic hardship caused by slack trade from Indian threat. Mentions Indians' wasteful killing of animals, closing of mines, village desertion. Cites bravery of woman who shot Indians in self-defense. Reports illness of Galvez and Galvez' intent to return to field after sick leave. (S. Gibbs, November 1987)

Fayni describes economy of Valle de San Bartholome as based on haciendas, land use, and cattle herds and how San Bartholome supplies Parral and Chiguagua with fruits of harvest. Reports Indian thefts and murders in San Bartholome due to lack of defense. Relates how war has wasted money, broken families, caused misery. Suggests military protection be provided for satellite pueblos of Parral. Oxinaga asserts that even if Oconor's efforts produce good results, if he does not follow orders he should not be paid for his rank. Oxinaga submits letter recounting Apache attacks repelled with limited success due to disadvantage of weapons, horses and provisions. Asks for military protection from Indian raids. Letter signed by many people. (S. Gibbs, October 1987)

Describes geographical range Pimeria Alta missions. Speaks of continuing Apache menace. Notes depopulation of area due to diseases, Apache attacks. Discusses temporal affairs of missions, including livestock raising, planting communal fields maize, wheat, and vegetables, which feeds widows, sick, military escorts, mission Indians during lean months of April, May, and June, thereby inducing Indians to remain in pueblos instead of wild-food gathering. Notes sale of surplus to mines/presidios to purchase church supplies, barter goods. Notes decline of mission agriculture last 8 years due to lack of seeds, decline of Cieneguilla mines, and increased number of farmers. States mission business is conducted by Indian governors under missionaries' guidance. Describes architecture of Indian houses; agriculture, including cultivation of pomegranates, quinces, cotton, and sugar cane as well as shrubs of gomilla, jojoba, both of which used medicinally. Describes herbs used, including indigo (anil), gediondilla, zimarron, contra yerba. Claims 2 harvests pithaya per year in west. Notes presence gypsum, lime, piedra bezal found in deer, especially those killed near coast. Says province is covered with grama grass, thereby providing forage for much livestock. Describes climate, mineral wealth, including real of Cieneguilla, only settlement of Spaniards in Pimeria Alta. Describes settlements. Tiburones described as Seri groups. Describes excellent salt fields along coast. Describes port of Tepoca/pearl beds nearby. Notes presence of subterranean water. Says Papagos come to missions to sell young boys captured in slave raids carried out by interior nations; these slaves called Vijoras (Nixoras). No active commerce carried on by Indians. Describes uses of cotton. Says Pimas are good farmers, growing wheat, maize, squash, cotton. During harvests, many traders arrive to barter cloth, etc. for produce. Says Pimas stay in pueblos, not like Yaquis and many Opatas who wander (probably to work in mines). Discusses reasons why missions should not be secularized. Estimates Gila Pima population at 2,000. Compares Pimas favorably to Opatas, who no longer respect missionaries. Describes temporary nature of Spanish settlement of Sonora, Pimeria Alta. Says 8 leagues from Aconchi, the San Juan mine, full of water, is abandoned now. Discusses precautions necessary for populating Sonora. Encourages development of Tepoca, Guaymas to give Sonora easy access to sea, Tiburon Island as way station for transportation of livestock. Discusses need to develop educational facilities, including primary schools at Indian settlements. Notes belief among Opatas at Aconchi in Montezuma, who they claimed was their king and had risen and appeared in mountains. Describes his school, which taught girls as well as boys to read, write. (T. Sheridan) (1976)

Return of Goleta Sonora from Loreto and Paquebot San Carlos from San Diego. Heceta says October is best month to try out new fragata nuestra Senora del rosario (Aka la princesa). Garcia replaces Luces as alguacil de Matricula following Luces' imprisonment for killing wife. Valiente replaces Ariztimuno as Juez del tribunal de la tribunal de la Acordada y Privativo de Bebidas prohividas. (D. Uhlman, December 1988)