Presents conditions under which Ugalde sought out Picax-Ande for assistance with campaign against Mescaleros. Ugalde attempted many times to discover picax-andes's true motives. Sent him out accompanied by troops which he did not readily accept. Describes picax-ande's position and territory - was gente general de Apacheria del oriente, an area determined by a line drawn along the Concho River and the mountains of Sibolo, Movano and Guadalupe. Valdes' reports indicate that Picax-Ande committed many infractions and encouraged other tribes to engage in raids against Spanish. Learned that Picax-Ande had offered to steal horses from military and meet with other tribes in Moras to distribute them. Ugalde suggests that with such evidence, granting peace to Lipiyanes is an error because, while they provide protection from Comanches, they conduct their own raids. Discusses need for serious military punishment for Indians in all areas who abuse good faith of Spanish. says it is necessary to deprive Lipiyanes of corrupt leader because they follow him blindly. Includes Valdez' diary as proof of Picax's infractions. Contains conversations with, observations and daily events of Indians. Ugalde proves that Lipiyanes and Mescaleros are related and describes activities attended by both. says Picax's wife is Alegre's Sister and Alegre's wife is Picax's Sister. Finally gives proof of horses and property stolen during supposed peace. Diary contains description of daily events, conversations with and observations of Indians. (M. Dannemiller, December 1988)

Ugalde kills 2 Mescaleros, captures 66 that were under the pretense of peace. Brings in troops from other areas. Gives complete description of soldiers and assignments during ambush. All were to meet in Zaguan. White handkerchief to be sign sent Arendano to Rancheria to capture or murder anyone there. Long description of speech he made. Capture of Indians and number of heads brought of Indians who hadn't attended. Suggests promotions for officials involved. Assisted by Gutierrez who knew language and customs because he had been kidnapped for 6 years. Ugalde expected Picax-Ande to direct campaign in search of enemy but due to scheduled Lipan buffalo slaughter, Picax-Ande will be delayed 2 months. He promises to capture or kill all Mescaleros in area. Mescalero captain sends messenger with request for peace, to which Ugalde responds that he is willing to negotiate new agreement but demands such as arms training are not sensible. Contains and residents. After hours of discussion and an expedition in area, Ugalde learns from Picax-Ande that Mescaleros did not actually expect peace and had plotted revenge that resulted in several raids that included murder and theft of horses. Ugalde demands an explanation from guifie-gurya which is given in detail. Quifie-Gusya says he will return with all who had accepted peace to be placed in location selected by Ugalde. Most arrive a week later, Yacolk-su choosing to take command of nearby Apache tribe. Ugalde sends Gutierrez to Rancheria to observe activities and informs him that Apaches are restless, well armed and surely planning to murder Ugalde. Captains in town repeatedly offer to take him to See rancherias finally with all present. He offers peace, says all must attend and sends detachment to watch Rancheria. Includes list of Indians murdered and captured by sex and tribe. Virrey approves of action and recommends his promotion to brigadier to king. (M. Dannemiller, December 1988)

Ugalde proposes trip designed to establish peace with Mescaleros. Gives account of relations between Mescaleros and Comanches, suggesting that Spanish stop providing military escorts for hunting parties. Tells of need to move certain groups of Mescaleros to Rio de Savinas; policies concerning prisoners and exchange procedures. (L. Carrion, March 1988)

Mendinueta reports Cumanche hostilities and suggests reinforcement of frontier to increase number of captures in order to induce peace. Croix approves proposal to reinforce frontier. Detailed report of 1768 campaign in Vicinity of Rio Napeste. (S. Gibbs, July 1987)

Mendinueta relates that prior calmness of Cumanches on frontier is gone. Relates Cumanche raids and murders. Complains of inefficiency of tracking Cumanches because of terrain and lack of water; tells of incident in which Apache guides were deceitful. Notes plains south of Colorado River unsuitable for settlement. Croix responds but has no suggestions on how to track Indian offenders. (S. Gibbs, July 1987)

O'Conor diary includes detailed notes on: specific engagements; livestock recovered; enemy killed and captured; progress at new presidio sites; tropa veterana in expeditions; supply problems; orders given to field-force commanders; Indian settlements encountered; structures and fields discovered; Indian material culture; vegetation; terrain; daily activity of force; and use of scouts. O'Conor also provides tables of troop composition in campaign and lists of plunder recovered. Includes curious references to an Apache rancheria with a pequeno baluarte de adove, en el ojo de San Luis. (J. Williams, April 1987)

Concerns O'Conor's general campaign of 1775; includes notes on number of enemy slain and captured; numbers of livestock recovered; pillage and its distribution to scouts; various reports by sub-commanders; previous plan for campaign; presidios of new line; character of frontier warfare; need for additional information on Apacheria; supply problems; specific engagements; and meritorious service rendered. Bucareli responds by praising O'Conor and promoting Munoz. (J. Williams, April 1987)

(L. L. Woodward, June 1988)

Documents deal with matters concerning: Salaries and distribution of mercury to miners. Inventory and supply of firearms to military and militia. Requests for transfer due to hardships of frontier duty. Reglamentos dealing with commerce between provinces of Luisiana and Nueva Espana. Eventual responsibility of vecinos to take over financial support of militias, perhaps using alcabala as revenue. Shipment of supplies and weapons from Veracruz to Havana and windward isles. Sending troops to Texas and Coahuila. Ff. 216-217 report removal of cadete Bernal from Fronteras for repeated thefts; because of relationship to de Anza, lesser punishment given by stationing him in Manila. Cibolos (bison) to be sent from Texas to king by Goleta Sonora y Tabe. (J. M. Johnson, July 1988)

Description of recent seven month campaign and description of area. Battle results in injury of Ugalde and death of eight men. Concerns attack on two rancherias. says has diligently followed campaigns to make enemies fearful. Ugalde complains about behavior of jefes in Nueva Viscaya. says more troops needed to patrol area due to destruction of Apache Rancheria by Comanches. Ugalse says some officers incompetent but Flores notes that behavior likely due to fatigue of seven month service. Flores approves peace with Lipanes if assured they don't cooperate with branch of Apaches involved in frontier wars. Allows Ugalde to declare he was in separate campaign. (M. Dannemiller, may 1988)