Letter concerning commercial trade between French and various tribes. Gives distances among San Antonio de Bexar, nacocdochez, Guadalupe; areas analyzed topographically for suitability for livestock farming, water supply; detailed report on types of trees. Local Indian tribes described by location, name derivation, nearness to waterways. Cannot determine how many of these Indians are armed. Mentions Croix, Armat as Principal traders providing weapons to Indians. (O. Velez, February 1990)

Initial summary of raids, thefts, and murders in Nueva Vizcaya for June, July. Reports describing all of above in great detail. Description of arms stolen in one raid. Mentions Indian archers from pueblos fighting Apaches under Spanish command. Describes militia and hacienda attempts at defense, occasionally offense. (A. Dean, March 1989)

Report of Indians stealing mine products (exact mine and Mineral not given). Mentions Tarahumaras living in San Jose. Indication of preexisting animosity between Tarahumares and Apaches. Reports of Apaches chasing Tarahumares, Spaniards. Last document in this group describes in rich detail Apache ceromony, apparently a Rite of Passage for Young men, especially son of captain. Describes Apache dress, ornamentation, formal movements, prayers. Seems mostly objective observations. (A. Dean, March 1989)

Declaration of a soldier that witnessed the murder of a mailman by an Indian party. A detailed account of the event is given. On the Basis of the style of the arrows they think they could have been Apaches, but some doubts arise from the fact that they were naked and that they let the soldier flee. In this context, the traditional way of dressing and riding of the Apaches are described. (A. Nielsen, November 1989)

Concerns all info regarding population and land pertaining to decision to formally establish Camargo. Date of establishment by Escandon. says people sent to area to pacify Indians, build azequias and plant crops. Perez suggests methods of agriculture pending construction of well. Escandon, assisted by others, performs inspection of land, climate, and Indians. Provides information on Indians congregated in area and probability of permanence at mission. Contains list of families including all names, marital status and age. Also, list of animals owned by each and Villa as whole. Describes different tribes in area, saying they are armed, some are baptised and most are peaceful. Contains list of Esquadra, their families and property. States conditions for residents and soldiers and their obligation to remain in Camargo. Description of land and availability of maiz and Trigo. Autos by others containing similar evaluations. Includes planned layout of city identifying Plaza, church, convent, distance from other Villas and surrounding rivers. Mentions use of special paper for autos. (M. Dannemiller, March 1989)

Concerns relocation of Sacramento presidio because of difficulties in water supply and irrigations problems. This document is a Series of testimonies confirming those difficulties. List of soldiers in the payroll of Sacramento presidio is given. Population of Sacramento presidio is taken to new location and were attacked on their way. Some military expeditions are organized after Indians attacked new place of Sacramento presidio; description of how Indian leaders were executed is given. Food and cloth are given to Indians who had surrendered Indians. (M. Marroquin, February 1989)

Series of documents dealing with Indian and military Lipanes; peace treaty between Spaniards and Lipanes de Arriba (points of the treaty are included); campaigns against Lipanes de Abajo; capture of Indians who are giving up their weapons and surrender in the presidios; Indian women are taken prisoners; trade of weapons between Indian groups; alliance of Spaniards with subdued Indians; unconditional surrender of Indians who later are used in mission's agriculture; permits and passports given to Indian allies to negotiate with Indians rebels (Lipanes de Abajo); Indians express unhappiness due to extreme harassment by Spanish commander; Indian surrenders who had stabbed a military official. This document presents a diversity of problems and other military concerns with respect to the Indians. (M. Marroquin, December 1988)

Informe from Castro to Revilla Gigedo documenting hostilities by Lipanes as reason not to negotiate peace with them. Shorter letters among Revilla Gigedo, Merino, Nava concerning peace negotiations at presidio del Norte despite Castro's reservations. Letter from Nava describing history of peaceful relations with other tribes, beginning equally violently, but now successful; asks to desregard Castro's objections, negotiate anyway. Quite a lot of detail of specific incidents (raids, trading, etc), but mostly redundant documents. F.254 list of specific affronts by Lipanes, Mescaleros, including place, date occurring. F.255 el Lipiyan Capitancillo de toda la Apacheria conocido en la Vizcaya Por el Nombre de 'el Calvo' . . . . mentions Comanche Capitancillos reporting to Spaniards how Apaches keep supply of powder, bullets. F.257 mentions Lipanes trading with French. F.259 mentions el Calvo's Apache name is Picax-Ande, translated as brazo Fuerte. F.286 mentions Mezcaleros being provided with arms, livestock, wheat from presidio del Norte. F.294 mentions Lipanes trading their plunder with Indians to the north. F.302 mentions Mimbrenos, Gilenos, Mezcaleros in reduccion since 1790, Chiricahuas since 1786. V. 307 discusses treaties among Nabajoes, Chiricahuas, Gilenos, Mimbrenos, Mescaleros. (A. Dean, October 1989)

Clear, well-written letter from Castro to Revilla Gigeda expressing Castro's disapproval of peace negotiations with Lipanes. F.239 mentions eight Lipanes appearing at Norte to negotiate, having already made independent treaties with comandante generals of Texas, Coahuila. F.242 says no hay duda que la congregacion Lipana Es el Brazo derecho de la Apacheria . . . . this reads as a general report, broken down by region, discussing alliances, similarities, hostilities among tribes (mostly Lipanes, Lipayanes, Apaches); localities, moral characteristics, problems with various tribes. Castro seemed; to intend it as treatise explaining reasons for not allowing peace with Lipanes. Reasons include Lipanes' arrogance, malice, inherent falseness, spying, insolence, etc. Mentions Apaches stealing Spanish weapons to use against them. Mentions Soquina (Comanche) speaking against Apaches. Though extremely biased against Indians, letter has excellent information on attitudes, relationships between Apaches, Spaniards. (A. Dean, October 1989)

Nava commissions Cordero to investigate rumors Mescaleros receive weapons, munitions from Spanish which are traded to Lipanes for stock stolen from Coaguila, Mescaleros then trading stolen animals with citizens , soldiers in Norte, El Paso, San Eleazario. Lipiyan Picax-Ande Ynstintle de Ugalde may be involved. Cordero to interview soldiers, citizens there. Leaders, rancherias, locations, numbers, those not reducido; horses acquired from Indians since peace established, since order issued only unbranded, unshod to be traded; how often, how many, which Lipiyanes in Norte since peace, goods traded. same to be conducted in San Elezeario, El Paso, Norte. Branded stock of unknown origins traded after peace, none since order issued; number, location, size, leaders of Mescalero rancherias, their travel, trade activities; unidentified Indians seen at Tinaja del Paisano with unfamiliar stock; Picax-Ande seldom seen in area, whereabouts unknown; few violations of peace; some small thefts suspected of Pases-Fla. (J. Higgins, April 1989)